Radiologists and doctors make use of X-ray images of the non-dominant hands of children and infants to assess the possibility of genetic conditions and growth abnormalities. This is done by assessing the difference between the actual extent of growth found using the X-rays and the chronological age of the subject. The assessment was done conventionally using The Greulich Pyle (GP) or Tanner Whitehouse (TW) approach. These approaches require a high level of expertise and may often lead to observer bias. Hence, to automate the process of assessing the X-rays, and to increase its accuracy and efficiency, several machine learning models have been developed. These machine-learning models have several differences in their accuracy and efficiencies, leading to an unclear choice for the suitable model depending on their needs and available resources. Methods: In this study, we have analyzed the 3 most widely used models for the automation of bone age prediction, which are the Xception model, VGG model and CNN model. These models were trained on the preprocessed dataset and the accuracy was measured using the MAE in terms of months for each model. Using this, the comparison between the models was done. Results: The 3 models, Xception, VGG, and CNN models have been tested for accuracy and other relevant factors.

Rapid advancements of deep learning are accelerating adoption in a wide variety of applications, including safety-critical applications such as self-driving vehicles, drones, robots, and surveillance systems. These advancements include applying variations of sophisticated techniques that improve the performance of models. However, such models are not immune to adversarial manipulations, which can cause the system to misbehave and remain unnoticed by experts. The frequency of modifications to existing deep learning models necessitates thorough analysis to determine the impact on models' robustness. In this work, we present an experimental evaluation of the effects of model modifications on deep learning model robustness using adversarial attacks. Our methodology involves examining the robustness of variations of models against various adversarial attacks. By conducting our experiments, we aim to shed light on the critical issue of maintaining the reliability and safety of deep learning models in safety- and security-critical applications. Our results indicate the pressing demand for an in-depth assessment of the effects of model changes on the robustness of models.

The optimisation of crop harvesting processes for commonly cultivated crops is of great importance in the aim of agricultural industrialisation. Nowadays, the utilisation of machine vision has enabled the automated identification of crops, leading to the enhancement of harvesting efficiency, but challenges still exist. This study presents a new framework that combines two separate architectures of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in order to simultaneously accomplish the tasks of crop detection and harvesting (robotic manipulation) inside a simulated environment. Crop images in the simulated environment are subjected to random rotations, cropping, brightness, and contrast adjustments to create augmented images for dataset generation. The you only look once algorithmic framework is employed with traditional rectangular bounding boxes for crop localization. The proposed method subsequently utilises the acquired image data via a visual geometry group model in order to reveal the grasping positions for the robotic manipulation.

The asteroidal main belt is crossed by a web of mean-motion and secular resonances, that occur when there is a commensurability between fundamental frequencies of the asteroids and planets. Traditionally, these objects were identified by visual inspection of the time evolution of their resonant argument, which is a combination of orbital elements of the asteroid and the perturbing planet(s). Since the population of asteroids affected by these resonances is, in some cases, of the order of several thousand, this has become a taxing task for a human observer. Recent works used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models to perform such task automatically. In this work, we compare the outcome of such models with those of some of the most advanced and publicly available CNN architectures, like the VGG, Inception and ResNet. The performance of such models is first tested and optimized for overfitting issues, using validation sets and a series of regularization techniques like data augmentation, dropout, and batch normalization. The three best-performing models were then used to predict the labels of larger testing databases containing thousands of images. The VGG model, with and without regularizations, proved to be the most efficient method to predict labels of large datasets. Since the Vera C. Rubin observatory is likely to discover up to four million new asteroids in the next few years, the use of these models might become quite valuable to identify populations of resonant minor bodies.

Originally published on Towards AI the World's Leading AI and Technology News and Media Company. If you are building an AI-related product or service, we invite you to consider becoming an AI sponsor. At Towards AI, we help scale AI and technology startups. Let us help you unleash your technology to the masses. Some time ago, a scientific paper with the title A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style by Gatys et al. [1] caught my attention.

Me: VGGs suck because they are computationally inefficient, and because they are a naive adoption of a computer vision architecture. Random person on Internet: Jordi, you might be wrong. People use VGGs a lot! No more introduction is required, this series of posts is about that: I want to share my honest thoughts regarding this discussion, for thinking which is the role of the computer vision deep learning architectures in the audio field. In these posts, I'm centering my discussion around the VGG model -- which is a computer vision architecture that is widely used by audio researchers.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in many applications, especially image recognition. As a crucial component of CNNs, sub-sampling plays an important role, and max pooling and arithmetic average pooling are commonly used sub-sampling methods. In addition to the two pooling methods, however, there could be many other pooling types, such as geometric average, harmonic average, and so on. Since it is not easy for algorithms to find the best pooling method, human experts choose types of pooling, which might not be optimal for different tasks. Following deep learning philosophy, the type of pooling can be driven by data for a given task. In this paper, we propose {\em alpha-pooling}, which has a trainable parameter $\alpha$ to decide the type of pooling. Alpha-pooling is a general pooling method including max pooling and arithmetic average pooling as a special case, depending on the parameter $\alpha$. In experiments, alpha-pooling improves the accuracy of image recognition tasks, and we found that max pooling is not the optimal pooling scheme. Moreover each layer has different optimal pooling types.

This blog is my first ever step towards applying deep learning techniques to Image data. This will be more of a practical blog wherein, I will be discussing how you can do a task like image classification without having much theoretical knowledge of mathematical concepts that lay the foundation of the deep learning models. I have been listening to all the amazing results (better than humans in some cases) that people have been producing for this task. I have been reading many blogs regarding VGG (Visual Geometry Group from Oxford) Model on how using this model people are making state-of-the-art models for image classification. In 2014, researchers from Oxford Visual Geometry Group(VGG) developed a CNN model for ILSVRC challenge.